\batchmode

\documentclass{llncs}
\RequirePackage{ifthen}



\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{helvetic}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\usepackage{listings}

\lstset{language=C++,basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize ,lineskip=-1pt,keywordstyle=\bfseries\green,commentstyle=\bfseries\green,stringstyle=\bfseries\green,indent=3mm,morekeywords={coord,id,node,nodes,ifstream,string,len,spd,cap,link,links,vlinks,veh,mytime,linkQueue,vehs,vehQueue,iterator}}

\let\imp=\textbf
\let\green=\relax


\usepackage[dvips]{color}


\pagecolor[gray]{.7}

\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}



\makeatletter

\makeatletter
\count@=\the\catcode`\_ \catcode`\_=8 
\newenvironment{tex2html_wrap}{}{}%
\catcode`\<=12\catcode`\_=\count@
\newcommand{\providedcommand}[1]{\expandafter\providecommand\csname #1\endcsname}%
\newcommand{\renewedcommand}[1]{\expandafter\providecommand\csname #1\endcsname{}%
  \expandafter\renewcommand\csname #1\endcsname}%
\newcommand{\newedenvironment}[1]{\newenvironment{#1}{}{}\renewenvironment{#1}}%
\let\newedcommand\renewedcommand
\let\renewedenvironment\newedenvironment
\makeatother
\let\mathon=$
\let\mathoff=$
\ifx\AtBeginDocument\undefined \newcommand{\AtBeginDocument}[1]{}\fi
\newbox\sizebox
\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt}\setlength{\voffset}{0pt}
\addtolength{\textheight}{\footskip}\setlength{\footskip}{0pt}
\addtolength{\textheight}{\topmargin}\setlength{\topmargin}{0pt}
\addtolength{\textheight}{\headheight}\setlength{\headheight}{0pt}
\addtolength{\textheight}{\headsep}\setlength{\headsep}{0pt}
\setlength{\textwidth}{349pt}
\newwrite\lthtmlwrite
\makeatletter
\let\realnormalsize=\normalsize
\global\topskip=2sp
\def\preveqno{}\let\real@float=\@float \let\realend@float=\end@float
\def\@float{\let\@savefreelist\@freelist\real@float}
\def\liih@math{\ifmmode$\else\bad@math\fi}
\def\end@float{\realend@float\global\let\@freelist\@savefreelist}
\let\real@dbflt=\@dbflt \let\end@dblfloat=\end@float
\let\@largefloatcheck=\relax
\let\if@boxedmulticols=\iftrue
\def\@dbflt{\let\@savefreelist\@freelist\real@dbflt}
\def\adjustnormalsize{\def\normalsize{\mathsurround=0pt \realnormalsize
 \parindent=0pt\abovedisplayskip=0pt\belowdisplayskip=0pt}%
 \def\phantompar{\csname par\endcsname}\normalsize}%
\def\lthtmltypeout#1{{\let\protect\string \immediate\write\lthtmlwrite{#1}}}%
\newcommand\lthtmlhboxmathA{\adjustnormalsize\setbox\sizebox=\hbox\bgroup\kern.05em }%
\newcommand\lthtmlhboxmathB{\adjustnormalsize\setbox\sizebox=\hbox to\hsize\bgroup\hfill }%
\newcommand\lthtmlvboxmathA{\adjustnormalsize\setbox\sizebox=\vbox\bgroup %
 \let\ifinner=\iffalse \let\)\liih@math }%
\newcommand\lthtmlboxmathZ{\@next\next\@currlist{}{\def\next{\voidb@x}}%
 \expandafter\box\next\egroup}%
\newcommand\lthtmlmathtype[1]{\gdef\lthtmlmathenv{#1}}%
\newcommand\lthtmllogmath{\lthtmltypeout{l2hSize %
:\lthtmlmathenv:\the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox::\the\wd\sizebox.\preveqno}}%
\newcommand\lthtmlfigureA[1]{\let\@savefreelist\@freelist
       \lthtmlmathtype{#1}\lthtmlvboxmathA}%
\newcommand\lthtmlpictureA{\bgroup\catcode`\_=8 \lthtmlpictureB}%
\newcommand\lthtmlpictureB[1]{\lthtmlmathtype{#1}\egroup
       \let\@savefreelist\@freelist \lthtmlhboxmathB}%
\newcommand\lthtmlpictureZ[1]{\hfill\lthtmlfigureZ}%
\newcommand\lthtmlfigureZ{\lthtmlboxmathZ\lthtmllogmath\copy\sizebox
       \global\let\@freelist\@savefreelist}%
\newcommand\lthtmldisplayA{\bgroup\catcode`\_=8 \lthtmldisplayAi}%
\newcommand\lthtmldisplayAi[1]{\lthtmlmathtype{#1}\egroup\lthtmlvboxmathA}%
\newcommand\lthtmldisplayB[1]{\edef\preveqno{(\theequation)}%
  \lthtmldisplayA{#1}\let\@eqnnum\relax}%
\newcommand\lthtmldisplayZ{\lthtmlboxmathZ\lthtmllogmath\lthtmlsetmath}%
\newcommand\lthtmlinlinemathA{\bgroup\catcode`\_=8 \lthtmlinlinemathB}
\newcommand\lthtmlinlinemathB[1]{\lthtmlmathtype{#1}\egroup\lthtmlhboxmathA
  \vrule height1.5ex width0pt }%
\newcommand\lthtmlinlineA{\bgroup\catcode`\_=8 \lthtmlinlineB}%
\newcommand\lthtmlinlineB[1]{\lthtmlmathtype{#1}\egroup\lthtmlhboxmathA}%
\newcommand\lthtmlinlineZ{\egroup\expandafter\ifdim\dp\sizebox>0pt %
  \expandafter\centerinlinemath\fi\lthtmllogmath\lthtmlsetinline}
\newcommand\lthtmlinlinemathZ{\egroup\expandafter\ifdim\dp\sizebox>0pt %
  \expandafter\centerinlinemath\fi\lthtmllogmath\lthtmlsetmath}
\newcommand\lthtmlindisplaymathZ{\egroup %
  \centerinlinemath\lthtmllogmath\lthtmlsetmath}
\def\lthtmlsetinline{\hbox{\vrule width.1em \vtop{\vbox{%
  \kern.1em\copy\sizebox}\ifdim\dp\sizebox>0pt\kern.1em\else\kern.3pt\fi
  \ifdim\hsize>\wd\sizebox \hrule depth1pt\fi}}}
\def\lthtmlsetmath{\hbox{\vrule width.1em\kern-.05em\vtop{\vbox{%
  \kern.1em\kern0.8 pt\hbox{\hglue.17em\copy\sizebox\hglue0.8 pt}}\kern.3pt%
  \ifdim\dp\sizebox>0pt\kern.1em\fi \kern0.8 pt%
  \ifdim\hsize>\wd\sizebox \hrule depth1pt\fi}}}
\def\centerinlinemath{%
  \dimen1=\ifdim\ht\sizebox<\dp\sizebox \dp\sizebox\else\ht\sizebox\fi
  \advance\dimen1by.5pt \vrule width0pt height\dimen1 depth\dimen1 
 \dp\sizebox=\dimen1\ht\sizebox=\dimen1\relax}

\def\lthtmlcheckvsize{\ifdim\ht\sizebox<\vsize 
  \ifdim\wd\sizebox<\hsize\expandafter\hfill\fi \expandafter\vfill
  \else\expandafter\vss\fi}%
\providecommand{\selectlanguage}[1]{}%
\makeatletter \tracingstats = 1 


\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}\thispagestyle{empty}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength hsize=\the\hsize}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength vsize=\the\vsize}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength hoffset=\the\hoffset}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength voffset=\the\voffset}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength topmargin=\the\topmargin}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength topskip=\the\topskip}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength headheight=\the\headheight}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength headsep=\the\headsep}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength parskip=\the\parskip}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength oddsidemargin=\the\oddsidemargin}\lthtmltypeout{}%
\makeatletter
\if@twoside\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength evensidemargin=\the\evensidemargin}%
\else\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlLength evensidemargin=\the\oddsidemargin}\fi%
\lthtmltypeout{}%
\makeatother
\setcounter{page}{1}
\onecolumn

% !!! IMAGES START HERE !!!

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline961}%
$p_{noise} = 0.2$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline964}%
$g \ge 3 \, v$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline966}%
$g > 3 \, v$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{section}
\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline275}%
$\ell = 1/\rho_{jam} \approx 7.5$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline277}%
$v=5$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline279}%
$\ell$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline281}%
$v_{max}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmldisplayA{displaymath271}%
\begin{displaymath}
\let\green=\black
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
Car following: & $v_{t+1} = \min\{ g , v_t+1, v_{max} \}$\  \\
\hline
Movement: & $x_{t+1} = x_t + v_{t+1}$\  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{displaymath}%
\lthtmldisplayZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline287}%
$g$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline289}%
$v$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline291}%
$v_{max}=1$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline293}%
$\rho_L$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline299}%
$q = \rho \, v_{max}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline303}%
$\sum v_i = \sum g_i = N_{veh} \times \left\langle g\right\rangle $%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline305}%
$\rho = 1/(\left\langle g\right\rangle +1)$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline307}%
$
q = \rho \, v = 1 - \rho \ .
$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline309}%
$
\rho_c = 1 / (v_{max}+1) \hbox{  and  } q_c = v_{max} / (v_{max}+1) \ ;
$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlpictureA{tex2html_wrap467}%
\includegraphics[width=0.6\hsize]{184tty-fig.eps}%
\lthtmlpictureZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmldisplayA{displaymath272}%
\begin{displaymath}\let\green=\black
\begin{tabular}[c]{|l|l|}
\hline
{Car following:} &
$v_{t+\frac{1}{2}} = \min \{ v_{t} + 1 , g_{t} , v_{\rm max} \}$\\
\hline
{Randomization:} &
$\displaystyle v_{t+1} = \cases{%%
\max \{ v_{t+\frac{1}{2}} - 1 , 0 \} & with probability $p_n$\  \cr
\strut v_{t+\frac{1}{2}} & else \cr
}
$\\
\hline
{Moving:} &
$x_{t+1} = x_{t} + v_{t+1} $\  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{displaymath}%
\lthtmldisplayZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline319}%
$t$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline321}%
$t+1$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline323}%
$t+\frac{1}{2}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline325}%
$p_n$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline327}%
$p_{noise}=0.5$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlpictureA{tex2html_wrap487}%
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{fdiag-1lane-gz.eps}%
\lthtmlpictureZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline333}%
$\rho_2$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline335}%
$\rho < \rho_1$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline341}%
$p_n(v\!=\!0) > p_n(v\!\ge\!1)$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline343}%
$v := v+1$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline347}%
$g > v \cdot \tau_H$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline349}%
$p_{ac}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline351}%
$
v := \min\{ v+1, v_{max} \} \ ;
$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline353}%
$v := \min\{ v, g \}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline355}%
$g < v \cdot \tau_H$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline357}%
$p_{dc}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline359}%
$
v := \max\{ v-1, 0 \} \ .
$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline361}%
$(p_{ac},p_{dc},\tau_H) = (0.9,0.9,1.1)$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
\stepcounter{paragraph}
\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline363}%
$
g \le v 
\hbox{\ .AND.\ }
g_o > g \ ,
$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline367}%
$g_o$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline369}%
$
g_o \ge v
\hbox{\ .AND.\ }
g_{b,o} > v_{b,o} \ ,
$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline371}%
${}_{b,o}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{section}
\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline373}%
$n \times v$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline375}%
$n$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline381}%
$g > n \times v$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline383}%
$v=0$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline385}%
$g \ge n \times v$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline387}%
$v_{max} > 1$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline399}%
$p_{noise}$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
\stepcounter{paragraph}
\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlfigureA{lstlisting259}%
\begin{lstlisting}{}
class veh {
    int ID ;
    double Speed ;
    ...
};
veh* Road[200];  // memory allocation for 200 pointers
\end{lstlisting}%
\lthtmlfigureZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlfigureA{lstlisting261}%
\begin{lstlisting}{}
Road[ii] = new veh ; // memory allocation for vehicle
Road[ii]->ID = SomeID ;
Road[ii]->Speed = 0. ;
\end{lstlisting}%
\lthtmlfigureZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlfigureA{lstlisting263}%
\begin{lstlisting}{}
speed = int(Road[ii]->Speed) ;
Road[ii+speed] = Road[ii] ;
Road[ii] = NULL ;
\end{lstlisting}%
\lthtmlfigureZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{section}
\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline401}%
$=$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{paragraph}
\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlpictureA{tex2html_wrap631}%
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{ch-8am-tifgz.eps}%
\lthtmlpictureZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}

\stepcounter{section}
\stepcounter{paragraph}
{\newpage\clearpage
\lthtmlinlinemathA{tex2html_wrap_inline1161}%
$1/f$%
\lthtmlinlinemathZ
\lthtmlcheckvsize\clearpage}


\end{document}
